Toxic Principle

Tropane alkaloids, especially solanine, which has similar effects as atropine on the autonomic nervous system. Also directly irritating to the oral and gastric mucosa. Green plant and unripe fruits most toxic. Toxicity is reduced by drying.

Description

An erect 1-2 feet high, branching plant with yellow spines on leaves and stems. Leaves are simple, alternate, oblong, and irregularly lobed. The flowers are pale violet to white in color, clustered near the top of the plant. The 5 petals tend to be united. The fruits are berries 1-1.5 cm in diameter, yellow when ripe.

Gastrointestinal

Salivation, colic, intestinal stasis, diarrhea.

Musculoskeletal

Muscle tremors, weakness.

Treatment

Symptomatic therapy is indicated including fluid therapy, activated charcoal via stomach tube. Physostigmine may be used cautiously in severely poisoned animals.

Cardiovascular system

Rapid heart rate, weak pulse. Hemolysis and anemia may be present in sever cases.

Respiratory System

Labored breathing, nasal discharge,

Nervous System

Depression, drowsiness, incoordination, paralysis of rear legs, coma and death.

Renal System

Kidney failure has been reported

Diagnosis

Based upon clinical signs and evidence of the plant being consumed.

Special Notes

Destruction of the plants before fruits are produced will prevent horsenettle spreading.